閱讀理解的題型特點和解題技巧
一、推斷題
1.解推斷題應注意：
(1)不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點；
(2)推理的根據來自于上下文
2.推斷題的常見形式：
(1) It can be inferred from the text that ______.?
(2) From the text we know that ______.?
(3) The story implies that ______.?
(4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ______.?
(5) The writer?s attitude toward…is ______.?
3.解推斷題的方法：
解推斷題最主要的方法是根據詞義關系推斷具體細節
Example 1 One day a man walkedsintosa pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches and two spiders.”?
“What do you need these things for?”the shop assistant was very surprised.?
“Well，” replied the man，“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”?
Q： The passage suggests that when the writer movedsintosthe house， it was ______.
A. very clean?
B. just cleaned by the landlord?
C. tidy and comfortable?
D. dirty and full of insects?
解析：要恢復原樣須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲，因此推出答案為D
Example 2 Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK， they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So these people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.?
Mr Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. Mr Neff knows al-most everything. He doesn’t ask questions；he answers q uestions. He never says，“I don’t know.”?
Q： Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude towards Mr Neff??A. He finds Mr Neff hard to understand?
B. He thinks Mr Neff wonderful?
C. He feels pity for Mr Neff?
D. He does not like Mr Neff?
解析：本文中使用never，還寫到Even if he does miss them， it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes.故暗示他對Mr Neff的討厭之情。答案為D
二、事實題
在閱讀理解題中，又有相當一部分屬于事實或細節題，下面僅就這類題的正確解法作簡要說明
1.直接事實題
在解答這類問題時要求學生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱讀，因為這類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到
A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. T his dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.
This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one sid e of the river to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this d am for five years.
This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam， one of the highest dams in the world， is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.
Q： Hoover Dam lies ______.
A. between Arizona and Nevada?
B. in the Black Canyon?
C. between New York and San Francisco?
D. both A and B?
解析：由第二段的`第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案
2.間接事實題
解此類題需要結合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷
Invited by Mr. Ye Huixian， host of the well?received TV programme“Stars Tonig ht”， Miss Luo Lin， Miss Asia of 1991， appeared as the guest hostess on the Shan ghai TV screen last Sunday.
Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air?hostess. Before she took part in the competition， she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage， dancing， singing， making-up and other proper manners， designed by the Asia TV Station.
“It’s really a hard job for me. I won’t enter for such competition any more. Anyhow， I am quite lucky. I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title. This time， in Shanghai， I'd love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，" said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.
Q： Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B. Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.
C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
解析： A、C和D都可在原文找到答案，而B項原文列的是： taken to Hong Kong可判斷不是moved to Hong Kong with her parents，因此選B
3.詞義理解題
做此類題時，學生應盡可能地利用生詞所在的上下文來猜測詞義，即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語和上下文中的已知部分進行邏輯上的推理，有時還需依靠常識和經驗
Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed do wn from father to son， or mother to daughter， of old country customs， of folklor e. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine， for much knowled ge and personal experience is needed here to separate good plants from wild gras s. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real val ue science has found in this wide， confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long age.?
Q： In the last paragraph the phrase“this wide， confused wilderness”refers to ______.?
A. personal experience?
B. wild weeds among good plants?
C. the information from the parents?
D. the vast store of traditional practices?
解析： D。劃線部分指的就是上文的another source of knowledge，即： the vast store of traditional practices。
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